Hans Burgkmair the Elder, (1473–1531)
Eleonore von Portugal, c. 1468
Oil on panel
Height: 79 cm (31.1 in); Width: 51.5 cm (20.2 in)
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
Hans Burgkmair the Elder (1473–1531) was a German painter and woodcut printmaker.
Burgkmair was born in Augsburg, the son of painter Thomas Burgkmair. From 1488, Burgkmair was a pupil of Martin Schongauer in Colmar. He may have visited Italy at this time, and certainly did so in 1507, which greatly influenced his style. From 1491, he worked in Augsburg, where he became a master and eventually opened his own workshop in 1498.
From about 1508, Burgkmair spent much of his time working on the woodcut projects of Maximilian I until the Emperor's death in 1519. He also did most of the illustrations for Weiss Kunig and much of Theurdank. He worked closely with the leading blockcutter Jost de Negker, who became in effect his publisher.
Burgkmair was also a successful painter, mainly of religious scenes, portraits of Augsburg citizens, and members of the Emperor's court. Many examples of his work are in the galleries of Munich, Vienna and elsewhere.
Burgkmair died at Augsburg in 1531. More on Hans Burgkmair the Elder
Unknown artist
King Duarte I of Portugal, between circa 1497 and circa 1504Illuminated manuscript by Rui de Pina
I have no further description, at this time
I have no further description, at this time
Eleanor was born in Torres Vedras on 18 September 1434, one of the nine children of King Edward of Portugal and Eleanor of Aragon.
When her father died five days before her fourth birthday, Eleanor's brother Afonso V succeeded him as king with her mother as regent.
In 1440, Eleanor's mother was forced to go into exile in Castile after losing litigation against her brother-in-law Peter, Duke of Coimbra, for the regency of the young King Afonso. She left Eleanor behind, because she was ill at the time.
Pinturicchio (1454–1513)
Aeneas Piccolomini Introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III, c. 1502-1507
Fresco
Library of Cardinal Francesco Piccolomini, Siena
Pintoricchio or Pinturicchio, whose formal name was Bernardino di Betto, also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, c.1454–1513, Umbrian painter whose real name was Bernardino di Betto. A prolific and facile painter, he was influenced by Perugino, with whom he collaborated on the frescoes for the Sistine Chapel. Pinturicchio worked chiefly in Perugia, Rome, and Siena. He decorated the Borgia apartments in the Vatican and several churches in Rome. His most elaborate project was the decoration of the cathedral library in Siena. In the Metropolitan Museum are many panels of mythological scenes from the ceiling of the reception room in the Palazzo del Magnifico in Siena. More on Pinturicchio
Eleanor preferred to marry the German King Frederick III, because a match with him would give her the title of empress instead of queen. The practical negotiations were made in Naples and completed in 1451. During the sea travel, the fleet escorting Eleanor to Italy was tormented by pirates and storms, and there were rumours that she had been lost at sea. Eleanor and Frederick met in Sienna: Frederick was said to have paled when he saw her, partly out of excitement for her beauty, but also out of worry that she would have troubles giving birth because of her slender and frail appearance. The marriage took place in Rome. The festivities were hosted by her uncle, the king of Naples.
Unknown author
Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal
Abbey in Innsbruck
I have no further description, at this time
Eleanor and Frederick were dissimilar and never happy. She was an ambitious and willful woman who frequently participated in intrigues, whereas the emperor was a sober and uninspiring man. Her interest in dancing, gambling and hunting was not shared by Frederick, and their relationship was affected by their differences.
Hans Burgkmair the Elder, (1473–1531)
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, late 15th century - early 16th century
Oil on panel
Height: 79.5 cm (31.2 in); Width: 51.5 cm (20.2 in)
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
Hans Burgkmair the Elder (1473–1531) was a German painter and woodcut printmaker.
Burgkmair was born in Augsburg, the son of painter Thomas Burgkmair. From 1488, Burgkmair was a pupil of Martin Schongauer in Colmar. He may have visited Italy at this time, and certainly did so in 1507, which greatly influenced his style. From 1491, he worked in Augsburg, where he became a master and eventually opened his own workshop in 1498.
From about 1508, Burgkmair spent much of his time working on the woodcut projects of Maximilian I until the Emperor's death in 1519. He also did most of the illustrations for Weiss Kunig and much of Theurdank. He worked closely with the leading blockcutter Jost de Negker, who became in effect his publisher.
Burgkmair was also a successful painter, mainly of religious scenes, portraits of Augsburg citizens, and members of the Emperor's court. Many examples of his work are in the galleries of Munich, Vienna and elsewhere.
Burgkmair died at Augsburg in 1531. More on Hans Burgkmair the Elder
Frederick sent Eleanor's vast Portuguese entourage home after the wedding because of the cost, and she suffered from homesickness; he also blamed her for causing the death of several of their children by letting them eat Portuguese food, and therefore took over the upbringing of the remaining children entirely for himself. During a period of siege in Vienna, when people were forced to eat rats, cats and dogs, she was known for trying to cheer people up.
Giovanni di ser Giovanni Guidi, (1406–1486)
Frederick III and Leonora of Portugal in Rome, 1452
Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts
Giovanni di Ser Giovanni, known as Lo Scheggia, or "the Splinter" (1406 in San Giovanni Valdarno –1486 ) was an Italian painter, brother of the famous Masaccio.
Born in San Giovanni in Altura, now San Giovanni Valdarno, he moved with his family to Florence in 1417 . Between 1420 and 1421 he came into relationship with Lorenzo Bicci, probably as an assistant in his workshop. In 1426 he was registered in Pisa as a guarantor for his brother Masaccio, and he refused his brother's inheritance in 1428, for the inconsistency. In 1429 the artist had his own workshop in Florence in the parish of Sant'Apollinare.
In 1430 he joined the Guild of Saint Luke. He joined the "Guild of the Legnaioli" as a "forzerinario", or chest maker; then in 1433 he matriculated in the Art of Doctors and Apothecaries. Between 1436 and 1440 he provided the cartoons for the inlays of the Sacristy of the Florentine Cathedral.
In these years, he manufactured luxury furniture especially for the clients in town and in the country he produced altarpieces and frescoes. More on Giovanni di ser Giovanni Guidi
In historical writings, there is a sense that Eleanor was taken from a splendid, extravagant and luxurious court in Portugal to a cultural wasteland in Vienna because of her spouse's strict economic sense. More on Eleanor of Portugal
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