08 Works, Today, June 14th, is Saint Methodius I's day, his story in Paintings #165

Unknown artist

Methodius I of Constantinople

Bulgarian icon

St. Methodius I, also spelled Methodios, (born 788/800, Syracuse, Sicily —died June 14, 847, Constantinople)was patriarch of Constantinople from 843 to 847.

Born to wealthy parents, Methodios was sent as a young man to Constantinople to continue his education and hopefully attain an appointment at court. But instead he entered a monastery in Bithynia, eventually becoming abbot.

Unknown artist

Leo V the Armenian proclaimed as co-emperor

Scylitzes Chronicle

Under Emperor Leo V the Armenian (813–820) the Iconoclast persecution broke out for the second time. In 815 Methodios went to Rome, perhaps as an envoy of the deposed Patriarch Niκephorοs. 

Unknown artist

Nikephoros I of Constantinople trample on John VII of Constantinople, who is laying on the ground with coins

Miniature from Chludov Psalter

Above is apostle Peter trampling Simon the Magi

Upon his return in 821 he was arrested and exiled as an iconodule by the Iconoclast regime of Emperor Michael II. 

Unknown artist

Michael II the Amorian (r. 820-829)

Byzantine emperor

Methodios was released in 829 and assumed a position of importance at the court of the even more fervently iconoclast Emperor Theophilos.

From the chronicle by historian Johannes Skylitzes

Emperor Theophilos in front of Blachernen Church in Constantinople as judge,

a widow raises her complaint

BOOK ILLUMINATION

42.0 cm × 32.0 cm

Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid

John Skylitzes, commonly Latinized as Ioannes Scylitzes was a Greek historian of the late 11th century.

His major work is the Synopsis of Histories, which covers the reigns of the Byzantine emperors from the death of Nikephoros I in 811 to the deposition of Michael VI in 1057; it continues the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor. There is a continuation of this work, known as Scylitzes Continuatus covering 1057 to 1079; some historians hypothesize that it was also written by Skylitzes. More on John Skylitzes

Soon after the death of the emperor, in 843, the influential minister Theoktistos convinced the Empress Mother Theodora, as regent for her two-year-old son Michael III, to permit the restoration of icons by arranging that her dead husband would not be condemned. 

Emmanouel Tzanes

Icon of Saint Theodora, c. 1671

40,5 x 29 cm

Private collection

Saint Theodora, the wife of the Iconoclast Emperor Theophilos, seated in a golden throne, holds a scepter and an icon of the Virgin in the left hand.

Emmanuel Tzanes (1610 – 28 March 1690), also known as Emmanuel Tzane-Bounialis, Emmanuel Zane, and Emmanuel Tzane, was a Greek Renaissance painter, author, clergyman, and educator. He spent the latter half of his life in Venice, where he was parish priest of the church of San Giorgio dei Greci and a member of the Flanginian School run by the city's Greek Confraternity. Tzanes painted in the style of the Cretan School, influenced by contemporary trends in Venetian painting. His known extant works, over 130 in number, can be found in public foundations, private collections, churches and monasteries in Greece. More on Emmanouel Tzanes

He then deposed the iconoclast Patriarch John VII Grammatikos and secured the appointment of Methodios as his successor, bringing about the end of the iconoclast controversy. 

Unknown iconographer

Icon of the Triumph of Orthodoxy,  between 1375 and 1425

 Egg tempera with gold leaf on a wood panel surfaced with gesso and linen

Height: 390 millimetres, Width: Width: 310 millimetres

British Museum

Late 14th-early 15th century icon illustrating the "Triumph of Orthodoxy" under the Byzantine empress Theodora over iconoclasm. Patriarch Methodios I of Constantinople is on the top right, close to the Virgin.

A week after his appointment, accompanied by Theodora, Michael, and Theoktistos, Methodios made a triumphal procession from the church of Blachernae to Hagia Sophia on March 11, 843, restoring the icons to the church. This heralded the restoration of Catholic orthodoxy, and became a holiday in the Byzantine Church, celebrated every year on the First Sunday of Great Lent, and known as the "Triumph of Orthodoxy".

Throughout his short patriarchate, Methodios tried to pursue a moderate line of accommodation with members of the clergy who were formerly Iconoclasts. This policy was opposed by extremists, primarily the monks of the Stoudios monastery, who demanded that the former Iconoclasts be punished severely as heretics. To rein in the extremists, Methodios was forced to excommunicate and arrest some of the more persevering monks.

Zahari Zograf

Saints Cyril and Methodius, c. 1848

Fresco

Troyan Monastery

Cyril; (born Constantine, 826–869) and Methodius (Methódios; born Michael, 815–885) were brothers, Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries. For their work evangelizing the Slavs, they are known as the "Apostles to the Slavs".

They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic. After their deaths, their pupils continued their missionary work among other Slavs. Both brothers are venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as saints with the title of "equal-to-apostles". In 1880, Pope Leo XIII introduced their feast into the calendar of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. In 1980, the first Slav pope, Pope John Paul II declared them co-patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia. More on this Icon

More on this Icon

Zahariy Hristovich Dimitrov (1810–1853), better known as Zahari Zograf, is a famous Bulgarian painter of the Bulgarian National Revival, noted for his church mural paintings and icons and often regarded as the founder of secular art in Bulgaria due to the introduction of everyday life elements in his work. More on Zahari Zograf

Methodios was well-educated; engaged in both copying and writing of manuscripts. His individual works included polemica, hagiographical and liturgical works, sermons and poetry. More on St. Methodius I 

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