Saturday, August 22, 2020

11 works, Today, August 22nd, is the Saint Eulalia's day, her story illustrated #234

Pedro Villar
Crucifixion of St. Eulalia of Barcelona, c. 1564
Marble
 26.4 x 21.7 cm
Catedral de Santa Eulalia de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
I have no information on this artist, at this time

Saint Eulalia (Aulaire, Aulazia, Olalla, Eulària) (c. 290–February 12, 303),
co-patron saint of Barcelona, was a 13-year-old Roman Christian virgin who suffered martyrdom in Barcelona during the persecution of Christians in the reign of emperor Diocletian, towards the end of the ban on Christianity. Eulalia's name is of Greek origin and literally means "of good speech" , "eloquent" .

Unknown artist
Emperor Diocletian
I have no further description, at this time

The daughter of a noble family, Eulalia lived near the city of Barcelona. During the persecutions under Diocletian, governor Dacian arrived in the city intent on enforcing the decrees. 

Pedro Villar
Judgment of Eulalia of Barcelona by Dacià , c. 1564
Marble
 26.4 x 21.7 cm
Catedral de Santa Eulalia de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
I have no information on this artist, at this time

Eulalia secretly left her parents' house by night and came before Dacian the governor, denouncing him for his persecution of Christians. 

Pedro Villar
The flogging of St. Eulalia, c. 1564
Marble
 26.4 x 21.7 cm
Catedral de Santa Eulalia de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
I have no information on this artist, at this time

Josep Bernat Flaugier
Santa Eulalia , c. 1794-1797
Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona
I have no further description, at this time

Joseph-Bernard Flaugier (Martigues , Provence , 1757 - Barcelona , 1813) was a French painter established in Spain .

Around 1773 he settled in Barcelona , where he studied at the Escuela de la Llotja . Between 1793 and 1800 he traveled around Europe . Neoclassical in style , he was influenced by Jacques-Louis David and Anton Raphael Mengs .

He made religious paintings in Reus , the Poblet monastery and in Barcelona churches. He also cultivated interior decoration: the Vedruna house ( Royal Palace of Pedralbes ), the Miró house and the Bofarull Palace in Reus and the Castellarnau house in Tarragona . InIn 1809 he held the position of director of the Escuela de la Llotja , until his death. More on Joseph-Bernard Flaugier

Bernat Martorell
Flagellation of Santa , c. 1427-1437 
Altarpiece of Santa Eulàlia and Sant Joan
I have no further description, at this time

Bernat Martorell
Martyrdom of Saint Eulalia of Barcelona, ca. 1430
Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya

The representation is carried out without historicist criteria, with the clothes of the XV century.


Bernat Martorell (1390 died 1452 in Barcelona) was a Catalan painter. He is considered to be the most important artist of the International Gothic style in Catalonia. Little is known of his life prior to 1427. The style of Martorell is contrastingly different from the Catalunyan Gothic painters who preceded. Martorell was familiar with contemporary Flemish painting, however, the documented part of his biography does not explain this influence. On the other hand, stylistic parallels have been drawn between Martorell and contemporary Italian artists.


One of the earliest surviving works of Martorell, Saint George Killing the Dragon (above), depicting Bernat Martorell's patron saint, was created in the early 1430s and already demonstrates the complexity of composition, richness of colors and fine details which could only been executed by a fully trained artist. These details were not present in Catalan art before Martorell.


In 1437, Bernat Martorell got a commission to create an altarpiece for the church in Púbol. The altarpiece devoted to Saint Peter, is currently in Museu d'Art de Girona and is the only directly documented piece produced by the artist. More Bernat Martorell


Daciano locked her up in the jail of his palace, which legend places in the alley of the Volta de Santa Eulàlia . The legend also states that the sun, ashamed, has never entered it again and that it only lights up on her birthday. Eulalia was condemned to suffer thirteen martyrdoms, for as many yrears as she was old.

Unable to dismiss her eloquent appeals, Dacian had her stripped and flogged. Afterwards, she was tortured with various implements until she would deny her beliefs or die. Her wounds were burned with torches, but the flames blew back against her tormentors. She prayed that God would take her to Heaven, then died.

John William Waterhouse, 1849–1917
Study for ‘Saint Eulalia’
Oil paint on canvas
1886 × 1175 mm
Tate

The study, perhaps Waterhouse's first conception of the subject, shows the foreshortened body of the saint lying supine at the foot of the massive plinth of one of a pair of equestrian statues which symbolize imperial might. Behind it stands a Roman soldier, his back towards us, gesturing towards a distant and dimly-seen group of spectators as if demonstrating the penalties of disobedience. Snow falls, in thick flakes of Chinese white; and there are no intermediaries between the body of the Christian martyr and the symbols of temporal power. More on this work

John William Waterhouse, 1849–1917
Saint Eulalia
Oil paint on canvas
1886 × 1175 mm
Tate

John William Waterhouse (April 6, 1849 – February 10, 1917) was an English painter known for working in the Pre-Raphaelite style. He worked several decades after the breakup of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which had seen its heyday in the mid-nineteenth century, leading to his sobriquet "the modern Pre-Raphaelite". Borrowing stylistic influences not only from the earlier Pre-Raphaelites but also from his contemporaries, the Impressionists, his artworks were known for their depictions of women from both ancient Greek mythology and Arthurian legend.

Born in Italy to English parents who were both painters, he later moved to London, where he enrolled in the Royal Academy of Art. He soon began exhibiting at their annual summer exhibitions, focusing on the creation of large canvas works depicting scenes from the daily life and mythology of ancient Greece. Later on in his career he came to embrace the Pre-Raphaelite style of painting despite the fact that it had gone out of fashion in the British art scene several decades before. More on John William Waterhouse

A dove is supposed to have flown forth from her mouth following her death, then a sudden snowstorm covered her mostly nude body like a garment.

Lluís Dalmau
Detal; Virgin of the Consellers, between 1443 and 1445
Eulalia of Barcelona
Oil on oak panel
115.5 × 96 cm (45.4 × 37.7 in)
Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya

Lluís Dalmau was a Spanish 15th-century painter who flourished between 1431 and 1460. He lived in the court of Aragón. He worked for the court, and King Alfonso the Magnanimous sent him on a mission to Bruges (1431-1436). This important city in the Low Countries was where painter Jan van Eyck worked. Dalmau was frequently at his workshop and learned from his works. Lluís was the painter who introduced the Flemish style to Spain. His work mostly clearly painted in this style is the famous alterpiece of the Virgen dels Consellers (1445), commissioned by the Consell de Cent. The piece depicts a gallery of angel musicians practically identical to the angels in the polyptych of Ghent by Van Eyck.

 

Though most of his work has been lost, the few paintings that survive are of great significance. More on Lluís Dalmau



Pedro García de Benavarre
Saint Eulalia of Barcelona
 The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia in Barcelona

Pedro Garcia Benavarre, or Benabarre (Benabarre, Huesca 1445-1485) was a Spanish-Flemish Gothic painter active in Aragon and Catalonia. Garcia was documented in 1445 in Zaragoza in Blasco union Grañén painter, who could be his teacher and with whom he collaborated as an assistant between 1445 and 1447. This Zaragoza highlights the execution stage of the altarpiece of Villarroya of Campo. The two partners also worked at painting altarpieces for the church of the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa in Jacetania.

 

In 1452 he was established in Benabarre and worked on his own. From there he moved to Barcelona in 1455, hired by the widow and son of Bernat Martorell, with whom he pledged to finalize unfinished works by the master.

 

It is likely that the terms of the contract signed with the Martorell were not met in full. Benabarre then worked at various nearby locations. At this stage, he had contracted to paint numerous altarpieces, including his most famous works: the Virgin enthroned and four angels or Virgen de Bellcaire, from the parish church of Bellcaire d'Urgell, now at the National Museum Art de Catalunya.

 

By 1481 he settled in Barbastro, painting the altarpiece at the church of the convent of San Francisco 

 

More than forty works have been attributed Pedro Garcia de Benabarre. More on Pedro Garcia de Benabarre


It is traditionally believed that her tortures culminated in her crucifixion on an X-shaped cross, and she is depicted with this cross as the instrument of her martyrdom. However, it has been posited that she was instead publicly tortured on an X frame and left there after she died, artistic depictions of which leading to the later belief that she was crucified. More on Saint Eulalia

The attributes of Saint Eulalia are the cross and the palm, which identify her as a martyr . She is also depicted as a richly dressed young woman in a tunic and cloak.




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