Saturday, December 26, 2020

06 works, Today, December 26th, is Saint Eugenia's day, her story, illustrated #358

Attributed to the Master of Dinteville/Bartholomeus Pons
The Legend of Sainte-Eugénie, c. 1535
Saint-Pierre de Varzy church, Nièvre, Burgundy-Franche-Comté

Bartholomeus Pons (known from 1518 to 1541 ), formerly referred to as "  Félix Chrétien", "  Pseudo Félix Chrétien  ", or more neutrally, " Master of Dinteville", is a painter from Harlem active in Burgundy and Champagne in the first half of the 16th  century.

Originally from Haarlem, Bartholomeus Pons is documented in 1518 in the workshop of Grégoire Guérard in Tourn. He is now identified as the Master of Dinteville (author of the altarpiece of the Legend of Saint Eugenie in Varzy).

Pseudo Félix Chrétien, c.1510 - 1579,
The Legend of Sainte-Eugénie, c. 1535
Central panel: The Martyrdom of St Eugenia.
140 x 215 cm.
Church of Saint-Pierre-ès-ties, Varzy, Dép. Nièvre, France

Pseudo Félix Chrétien, c.1510 - 1579,
The Legend of Sainte-Eugénie, c. 1535
Left panel: St Eugenia, being accused of adultery by Melanthia, is exposing her breasts
140 x 108 cm
Church of Saint-Pierre-ès-ties, Varzy, Dép. Nièvre, France

Pseudo Félix Chrétien, c.1510 - 1579,
The Legend of Sainte-Eugénie, c. 1535
Right panel: St Eugenia appears to her mother.
140 x 108 cm
Church of Saint-Pierre-ès-ties, Varzy, Dép. Nièvre, France

Saint Eugenia (died c AD 258) was an early Christian Roman martyr who was converted by and martyred with Protus and Hyacinth, her Chamberlains during the persecution of Valerian. 

Maarten van Heemskerck, (1498–1574)
Pharos of Alexandria, c. 1572
I have no further description, at this time

Maerten van Heemskerck or Marten Jacobsz Heemskerk van Veen (1 June 1498 – 1 October 1574) was a Dutch portrait and religious painter, who spent most of his career in Haarlem. He was a pupil of Jan van Scorel, and adopted his teacher's Italian-influenced style. He spent the years 1532–6 in Italy. He produced many designs for engravers, and is especially known for his depictions of the Wonders of the World.

According to his biography, he began his artistic training with the painter Cornelius Willemsz in Haarlem. He then left for Delft, where he studied under Jan Lucasz, before moving on to Haarlem, where he became a pupil of Jan van Scorel

Heemskerck then went to lodge at the home of the wealthy curate of the Sint-Bavokerk, Pieter Jan Foppesz. The artist painted him in a now famous family portrait. 

Before setting off for Italy on a Grand Tour in 1532, Heemskerck painted a scene of St. Luke painting the Virgin for the altar of St. Luke in the Bavokerk. 

He travelled around the whole of northern and central Italy, stopping at Rome, where he had letters of introduction from van Scorel to the influential Dutch cardinal[4] William of Enckenvoirt.

While in Rome where he made numerous drawings of classical sculpture and architecture. He was to use them as source material throughout the rest of his career.

On his return to the Netherlands in 1536, he settled back at Haarlem, where he became president of the Haarlem Guild of Saint Luke (in 1540),

The alteration in his style, brought about by his experience of Italy was not universally admired. 

He painted large altarpieces. In 1553 he became curate of the Sint-Bavokerk, where he served for 22 years. More on Maarten van Heemskerck

She was born into the family of a noble Rome. Her father Philip Commodus (180-192) was appointed governor of Egypt and moved to Alexandria with his family. Eugenia studied philosophy, spoke in Latin and Greek. Noble youths wooed her, but she did not want to marry. After Eugenia read the Epistles of St. Paul, she believed in Christ, but, fearing the wrath of her parents, she hid her faith. Under the pretext of a walk, she ran away from home and disguised herself as a man. She came to the monastery together with her servants/eunuchs Prot and Iakinf. Helenus, bishop of Heliopolis was in this monastery. It was revealed to him in a dream that Eugenia was a girl. He baptized them and tonsured them as monks.

Eugenia led an ascetic lifestyle for several years and was honored with the gift of miracles. After the death of the hegumen, the brethren unanimously elected Eugenia to replace him. 

After Abraham Bloemaert
The Discovery of Saint Eugenia, c  1807 
Engraving
 Illustration
I have no further description, at this time

Abraham Bloemaert (1564-1651) was a Dutch painter and son of sculptor and architect Cornelis Bloemaert received his education in Utrecht and Paris. In 1597 he registered as a citizen in Amsterdam and was active in Utrecht from 1611 onwards. Bloemaert was a representative of the Flemish school and refined history painting, portrait painting, genre and landscape painting. He greatly influenced Dutch painting, one of his students was Gerrit van Honthorst. Bloemaert's works can be admired at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, at the Louvre in Paris and at the galleries of Berlin. More on Abraham Bloemaert

A certain woman named Melanthia, healed by Eugenia was inflamed with passion for the young abbot and, failing to achieve reciprocity, slandered him before the ruler of Egypt in an attempt at violence. During the trial, her father, the ruler, recognizing his daughter, and set her free together with the brethren and was baptized himself. 

Unknown artist
Septimius Severus and his family, circa 200
Septimius Severus, Julia Domna, Geta Caracalla
Tempera on panel 
Height: 30.5 cm (12 in)
Altes Museum,  Berlin 

Emperors Septimius Sever (193-211) and Antoninus Pius (138-161), in response to Philip's request, allowed Christians to build temples. Eugenia gathered the virgins around her, and together they served God, her mother Claudia built a hospitable home.

Upon learning that Philip converted to Christianity, the emperors appointed a new ruler in his place. Philip was elected bishop of Alexandria. Soon, by order of the new ruler, he was killed. Her mother Claudia moved with her children to Rome, her sons received high positions, and Eugenia continued to instruct the virgins in Christ.

A photorealistic reconstruction of what the Roman emperor Valerian (r. 253-260 CE) may have looked like. Based on contemporary and near contemporary descriptions, as well as archaeological evidence. Pictured alongside the reconstruction is a bust of Valerian from the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Made using Photoshop and Artbreeder, a neural net tool. More on this work

A photorealistic reconstruction of what the Roman emperor Gallienus (r. 253-268 CE) may have looked like. Based on contemporary and near contemporary descriptions, as well as archaeological evidence. Pictured alongside the reconstruction is a bust of Gallienus from the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Made using Photoshop and Artbreeder, a neural net tool. More on this work

Under the emperors Valerian (253-260) and Gallien (260-268) the persecution of Christians resumed. Vasilla, one of the virgins who believed in Christ and were baptized thanks to Eugenia, as well as Protus and Iacinthus were executed by order of Emp. Gallienus for refusing to marry. 2 eunuchs were also beheaded. 

Elana Brownfield
The maiden walked on the water
I have no further description, at this time

I did not find any meaningful information on Elana Brownfield

Eugenia was seized and taken to the temple of Artemis (Diana) to offer a sacrifice, but the temple collapsed even before she entered it. Then she was tied with a stone around her neck and thrown into the Tiber, but the stone fell into the water, and the maiden walked on the water as if on dry land. 

Unknown artist
Martyrdom of Evgenia and the victims with her
Miniature from Minology of Vasily II

She was put in an oven, but its edges suddenly cooled and Eugenia emerged unharmed. After that, the martyr was thrown into a ditch for several. days so that they starved; but food was sent to her from heaven. The Savior appeared to Eugenia on the day of her martyrdom. She was executed on the feast of the Nativity of Christ. The saint was buried on the Latin road near Rome. After the death  Eugenia appeared to her mother and predicted her imminent death. More on Saint Eugenia



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