Dosso Dossi, (1489–1542)
Saints Cosmas and DamianOil on canvas
Dosso Dossi (c. 1489–1542), real name: Giovanni di Niccolò de Luteri, was an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Titian.[2]
From 1514 to his death he was court artist to the Este Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena, whose small court valued its reputation as an artistic centre. He often worked with his younger brother Battista Dossi, who had worked under Raphael. He painted many mythological subjects and allegories with a rather dream-like atmosphere, and often striking disharmonies in colour. His portraits also often show rather unusual poses or expressions for works originating in a court. More on Dosso Dossi
According to Christian traditions, Saints Cosmas and Damian were twin brothers, Arab physicians, and early Christian martyrs born in Cilicia, part of today’s Turkey. They practiced their profession in the seaport of Ayas, Adana, then in the Roman province of Syria. Accepting no payment for their services led to them being named “Unmercenary” it has been said that, by this, they attracted many to the Christian faith.
Fra Angelico
Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian Crucifixed and Stoned, c. 1438 - 1440
San Marco Altarpiece
Tempera on panel
38 x 46 cm
Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany
Fra Angelico
The Beheading of Saints Cosmas and Damian,1 c. 443
Louvre Museum
Fra Angelico (circa 1395 –1455)
Sepulchring of Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian, between 1438 and 1440
Tempera on wood
Height: 37 cm (14.5 in); Width: 45 cm (17.7 in)
Museum of San Marco
Fra Angelico (born Guido di Pietro; c. 1395 – February 18, 1455) was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent".
He was known to contemporaries as Fra Giovanni da Fiesole and Fra Giovanni Angelico . In modern Italian he is called Beato Angelico; the common English name Fra Angelico means the "Angelic friar".
In 1982, Pope John Paul II proclaimed his beatificatio in recognition of the holiness of his life, thereby making the title of "Blessed" official. Fiesole is sometimes misinterpreted as being part of his formal name, but it was merely the name of the town where he took his vows as a Dominican friar, and was used by contemporaries to separate him from others who were also known as Fra Giovanni.
Vasari wrote of Fra Angelico that "it is impossible to bestow too much praise on this holy father, who was so humble and modest in all that he did and said and whose pictures were painted with such facility and piety." More on Fra Angelico
According to Christian traditions, during the persecution under Diocletian, Cosmas and Damian were arrested by order of the Prefect of Cilicia, one Lysias who ordered them under torture to recant. However, according to legend they stayed true to their faith, enduring being hung on a cross, stoned and shot by arrows and finally suffered execution by beheading. Anthimus, Leontius and Euprepius, their younger brothers, who were inseparable from them throughout life, shared in their martyrdom.
Ambrosius Francken I (circa 1544 /1545–1618)
The Charity of Saints Cosmas and Damian, 17th century
Oil on panel
Height: 236.4 cm (93 in); Width: 88 cm (34.6 in)
Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp
Ambrosius studied under his father and the leading Antwerp Mannerist painter Frans Floris. Francken spent time in Tournai where he lived at the Bishop's residence as a young pupil at his master Pieter Vlerick's house. In 1570 Francken spent some time in Fontainebleau.
In 1577 Antwerp had elected a Calvinist city council. The council ordered in 1581 the systematic removal of all images from local churches. This event is referred to as the 'silent iconoclasm'. Ambrosius, who is believed to have converted to Calvinism himself, was elected dean of the Guild in 1582. After the Fall of Antwerp, the city became Catholic again and Ambrosius made it known he was Catholic again.
He married Clara Pickarts and later became the teacher of Hieronymus Francken II, the son of his brother Frans Francken I. He died in Antwerp. More on Ambrosius Francken I
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