Anonimo Lombardo
Apostle, Bishop of Milan and
Apostolic Father
Barnabas, a Jew of Cyprus, comes as close as anyone outside the Twelve to being a full-fledged apostle. He was closely associated with Saint Paul—he introduced Paul to Peter and the other apostles—and served as a kind of mediator between the former persecutor and the still suspicious Jewish Christians.
Sandro Botticelli, (1445–1510)
Madonna enthroned with child, four angels, and saints, c. 1490
Tempera on panel
68 × 280 cm (105.5 × 110.2 in)
Uffizi Museum
From left: Catherine of Alexandria, Augustine of Hippo, Barnabas, John the Baptist, Ignatius of Antioch and Michael the Archangel
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi,
known as Sandro Botticelli (1445 –1510), was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He belonged
to the Florentine School. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered
until the late 19th century; since then, his work has been seen to represent
the linear grace of Early Renaissance painting.
Botticelli was born in Florence. He was initially trained as a
goldsmith. There are very few details of Botticelli's life, but it is known
that he became an apprentice when he was about fourteen years old. By 1462 he
was apprenticed to Fra Filippo Lippi; many of his early works have been
attributed to the elder master, and attributions continue to be uncertain.
Influenced also by the monumentality of Masaccio's painting, it was from Lippi
that Botticelli learned a more intimate and detailed manner.
By 1470, Botticelli had his own workshop. His work was characterized
by a conception of the figure as if seen in low relief, drawn with clear
contours, and minimizing strong contrasts of light and shadow which would
indicate fully modelled forms.
In the mid-1480s, Botticelli worked on a major fresco cycle for
Lorenzo the Magnificent's villa near Volterra; in addition he painted many
frescoes in Florentine churches. In 1491 he served on a committee to decide
upon a façade for the Cathedral of Florence.
Botticelli never wed, and expressed a strong disliking to
the idea of marriage, a prospect he claimed gave him nightmares. More on Sandro
Botticelli
When a Christian community developed at Antioch, Barnabas was sent as the official representative of the church of Jerusalem to incorporate them into the fold. He and Paul instructed in Antioch for a year, after which they took relief contributions to Jerusalem.
Later Paul and Barnabas, now clearly seen as charismatic leaders, were sent by Antioch officials to preach to the gentiles. Enormous success crowned their efforts.
Paolo Veronese, (1528–1588)
St Barnabas healing the sick, circa 1566
Oil on canvas
260 cm x 193 cm
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen
Paolo Caliari, known as Paolo Veronese (1528 – 19
April 1588) was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice,
most famous for large history paintings of both religious and mythological
subjects, such as The Wedding at Cana and The Feast in the House of Levi. With
Titian, who was at least a generation older, and Tintoretto, ten years older,
he was one of the "great trio that dominated Venetian painting of the
cinquecento" or 16th-century late Renaissance. Veronese is known as a
supreme colorist, and after an early period with Mannerist influence turned to
a more naturalist style influenced by Titian.
His most
famous works are elaborate narrative cycles, executed in a dramatic and
colorful style, full of majestic architectural settings and glittering
pageantry. His large paintings of biblical feasts, crowded with figures,
painted for the refectories of monasteries in Venice and Verona are especially
famous, and he was also the leading Venetian painter of ceilings. Most of these
works remain in situ, or at least in Venice, and his representation in most
museums is mainly composed of smaller works such as portraits that do not
always show him at his best or most typical.
He has always been appreciated for "the chromatic
brilliance of his palette, the splendor and sensibility of his brushwork, the
aristocratic elegance of his figures, and the magnificence of his
spectacle", but his work has been felt "not to permit expression of
the profound, the human, or the sublime", and of the "great
trio" he has often been the least appreciated by modern criticism.
Nonetheless, "many of the greatest artists ... may be counted among his
admirers, including Rubens, Watteau, Tiepolo, Delacroix and Renoir". More on Paolo Caliari
After a miracle at Lystra, the people wanted to offer sacrifice to them as gods—Barnabas being Zeus, and Paul, Hermes—but the two said, “We are of the same nature as you, human beings. We proclaim to you good news that you should turn from these idols to the living God”
Jacob Jordaens
The Apostles, St. Paul and St. Barnabas at Lystra, c.1616
Oil, canvas
149 x 233 cm
Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia
But all was not peaceful. They were expelled from one town, they had to go to Jerusalem to clear up the ever-recurring controversy about circumcision, and even the best of friends can have differences. When Paul wanted to revisit the places they had evangelized, Barnabas wanted to take along his cousin John Mark, author of the Gospel, but Paul insisted that since Mark had deserted them once, he was not fit to take along now. The disagreement that followed was so sharp that Barnabas and Paul separated: Barnabas taking Mark to Cyprus, Paul taking Silas to Syria. Later they were reconciled—Paul, Barnabas and Mark. More on Barnabas
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