Unknown artist
Martyrs Antoninus, Nicephorus, Germanus, and Manetha
I have no further description, at this time
Some servants of Christ's people, who in the stature of their bodies were only youths, but their soul was armed with the worship of God, both came of themselves, and when the governor was offering libations to idols in the midst of the city, suddenly rushed upon him, and called upon him to abandon his error, "For there is no other God but one, the Maker and Creator of all things;" and when they were asked by Governor Firmillian who they were, they confessed they were Christians. No sooner, then, were these words uttered than they received sentence of death, and so passed on easily and without delay to Him in whom they made their confession. The name of the first of them was Antoninus, and the second was called Zebinas, and the third's name was Germanus; and these things were done on the thirteenth of November.
Unknown artist
Antoninus, Nicephorus, Germany Caesarea, and Manetha, c. 985
Miniature Minology of Vasily II.
Vatican Library. Rome.
I have no further description, at this time
With them was Manetha, a chaste and courageous maiden, who had been brought by force from Baishan, suffered insults and cruel tortures from the judge before she was condemned.
But one of those who was set over the streets of the city was the originator of these evils. His name was Maxys, and he proved to all men that he was worse even than his name.
Titian (Pieve di Cadore 1488/90 – Venezia 1576)
Saint Manetha stripped naked
The Penitent Magdalene, c. 1531-1535
Oil on canvas
85.8 x 69.5 cm
Pitti Palace
Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio, or Titian (1488/1490 – 27 August 1576), was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school.
Recognized by his contemporaries as "The Sun Amidst Small Stars", Titian was one of the most versatile of Italian painters, equally adept with portraits, landscape backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects. His painting methods, particularly in the application and use of color, would exercise a profound influence not only on painters of the Italian Renaissance, but on future generations of Western art.
During the course of his long life, Titian's artistic manner changed drastically but he retained a lifelong interest in color. Although his mature works may not contain the vivid, luminous tints of his early pieces, their loose brushwork and subtlety of tone are without precedent in the history of Western painting. More on Titian
This same blessed woman he stripped naked, and she was only left covered from the groin downwards, in order that he might indulge his lustful eyes in looking at the rest of her limbs; and he carried her about through the whole city, being tortured with straps.
Jean-Léon Gérôme, (1824–1904)
Afterwards took her before the tribunal of the governor
Phryne before the Areopagus, c. 1861
Oil on canvas.
Height: 80 cm (31.4 in); Width: 128 cm (50.3 in) .
Kunsthalle Hambur, Hamburg, Germany
Jean-Léon Gérôme (11 May 1824 – 10 January 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as Academicism. The range of his oeuvre included historical painting, Greek mythology, Orientalism, portraits and other subjects, bringing the Academic painting tradition to an artistic climax. He is considered one of the most important painters from this academic period, and in addition to being a painter, he was also a teacher with a long list of students. More on Jean-Léon Gérôme
Afterwards took her before the tribunal of the governor, where with great boldness of speech she made the confession of her faith that she was a Christian; and there also displayed her courage and patience under every kind of torture; and was afterwards delivered over by the governor to be burnt with fire.
François Chifflart, (1825–1901)
Saint Manetha delivered to be burnt with fire
Jeanne d'Arc, c. 1901
Oil on canvas
73 x 60 cm
Private collection
François-Nicolas Chifflart (21 March 1825 – 19 March 1901) was a French painter, designer and engraver.
François began studying at the municipal school of design at an early age. In 1844, he entered the École des Beaux-arts and became a student of Léon Cogniet. He took third place in the competition for the Prix de Rome in 1850, then, the following year, was awarded first place.
Shortly after, he rebelled against the Academicism of the time, focusing more on designing and engraving. Later, he made the acquaintance of Victor Hugo and began a new career as an illustrator in 1867. He helped design illustrations for Hugo's Toilers of the Sea, and a new edition of The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
He lost most of his clientele when he began to harshly criticize Napoleon III during the Franco-Prussian War, and sank into an oblivion from which he never fully recovered. He died in 1901 in Paris. More on François-Nicolas Chifflart
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